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- **************************************
- * Glutathione peroxidases signatures *
- **************************************
-
- Glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) (GSHPx) [1,2] is an enzyme that catalyzes
- the reduction of hydroxyperoxides by glutathione. Its main function is to
- protect against the damaging effect of endogenously formed hydroxyperoxides.
-
- In higher vertebrates at least four forms of GSHPx are known to exist: a
- ubiquitous cytosolic form (GSHPx-1), a gastrointestinal cytosolic for (GSHPx-
- GI) [3], a plasma secreted form (GSHPx-P) [4], and a epididymal secretory form
- (GSHPx-EP). In addition to these characterized forms, the sequence of a
- protein of unknown function [5] has been shown to be evolutionary related to
- those of GSHPx's.
-
- In filarial nematode parasites such as Brugia pahangi the major soluble
- cuticular protein, known as gp29, is a secreted GSHPx which could provide a
- mechanism of resistance to the immune reaction of the mammalian host by
- neutralizing the products of the oxidative burst of leukocytes [6].
-
- Escherichia coli protein btuE, a periplasmic protein involved in the transport
- of vitamin B12, is also evolutionary related to GSHPx's; the significance of
- this relationship is not yet clear.
-
- Selenium, in the form of selenocysteine [7] is part of the catalytic site of
- GSHPx. The sequence around the selenocysteine residue is moderately well
- conserved in GSHPx's and the related proteins and can be used as a signature
- pattern. As a second signature for this family of proteins we selected a
- perfectly conserved octapeptide located in the central section of these
- proteins.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [GN]-[RKHNFY]-x-[LIVMFC]-[LIVMF](2)-x-N-V-x-[STC]-x-C-
- [GA]-x-T
- [C is the active site selenocysteine residue]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [LV]-[AG]-F-P-C-[NG]-Q-F
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Patterns and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Mannervik B.
- Meth. Enzymol. 113:490-495(1985).
- [ 2] Mullenbach G.T., Tabrizi A., Irvine B.D., Bell G.I., Tainer J.A.,
- Hallewell R.A.
- Protein Eng. 2:239-246(1988).
- [ 3] Chu F.F., Doroshow J.H., Esworthy R.S.
- J. Biol. Chem. 268:2571-2576(1993).
- [ 4] Takahashi K., Akasaka M., Yamamoto Y., Kobayashi C., Mizoguchi J.,
- Koyama J.
- J. Biochem. 108:145-148(1990).
- [ 5] Dunn D.K., Howells D.D., Richardson J., Goldfarb P.S.
- Nucleic Acids Res. 17:6390-6390(1989).
- [ 6] Cookson E., Blaxter M.L., Selkirk M.E.
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:5837-5841(1992).
- [ 7] Stadtman T.C.
- Annu. Rev. Biochem. 59:111-127(1990).
-